![]() ![]() The cytotoxicity assessment showed that the cells could be viable and proliferate on the scaffolds. Cell adhesion, viability and mineral deposits formation for PLA/PCL/HA scaffolds at PLA/PCL ratios of 70/30, 50/50 and 30/70 and the fixed amount of HA (35%) were also studied in vitro by the means of MG63 cells. The PLA/PCL/HA 70/30-35% scaffold presented a porosity of 77%, an average pore size of 160 μm, and Young's modulus of 1.35 MPa. Also, the mechanical strength of scaffolds was examined by compression test and measuring the compressive modulus Considering the microstructure, porosity and pore size as well as mechanical property, the scaffold composed of PLA/PCL 70/30 w/w and 35% HA was more favorable. Scaffolds' porosity was measured with the aid of liquid replacement technique. To evaluate morphology, functional groups, and elemental analysis of the scaffolds, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were respectively used. Casting of the composite suspensions was done into a dissolvable 3D printed negative mold, in order to achieve simultaneous macro- and micro-porous composites, using freeze drying/particle leaching method. In the present study, indirect 3D printing approach was used to develop bone scaffolds from polylactic acid/ polycaprolactone/ hydroxyapatite (PLA/PCL/HA) composites. However, the materials used in the direct printing are restricted depending on the printing technology used and the indirect one can overcome this limitation. 3D printing-based technologies can fabricate scaffolds offer great precision to control internal architecture and print complicated structures based upon the defect site. ![]()
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